Explicit Interval Estimates for Prime Numbers

Using a smoothing function and recent knowledge on the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, we compute pairs of $(\Delta, x_0)$ such that for all $x \geq x_0$ there exists at least one prime in the interval $(x(1 - \Delta^{-1}), x]$.Comment: 15 pages, 3 tables, 1 figur

Accurate exchange-correlation energies for the warm dense electron gas

Density matrix quantum Monte Carlo (DMQMC) is used to sample exact-on-average $N$-body density matrices for uniform electron gas systems of up to 10$^{124}$ matrix elements via a stochastic solution of the Bloch equation. The results of these calculations resolve a current debate over the accuracy of the data used to parametrize finite-temperature density functionals. Exchange-correlation energies calculated using the real-space restricted path-integral formalism and the $k$-space configuration path-integral formalism disagree by up to $\sim$$10$\% at certain reduced temperatures $T/T_F \le 0.5$ and densities $r_s \le 1$. Our calculations confirm the accuracy of the configuration path-integral Monte Carlo results available at high density and bridge the gap to lower densities, providing trustworthy data in the regime typical of planetary interiors and solids subject to laser irradiation. We demonstrate that DMQMC can calculate free energies directly and present exact free energies for $T/T_F \ge 1$ and $r_s \le 2$.Comment: Accepted version: added free energy data and restructured text. Now includes supplementary materia

Unfolded Adinkra Properties of Supermultiplets (I)

Adinkra networks arise in the Carroll limit of supersymmetric QFT. Extensions of adinkras that are infinite dimensional graphs have never previously been discussed in the literature. We call these "infinite unfolded'' adinkras and study the properties of their realization on familiar 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets. A new feature in "unfolded'' adinkras is the appearance of quantities whose actions resemble BRST operators within Verma-like modules. New "net-centric" quantities ${\widetilde \chi}_{(1)}$ and ${\widetilde \chi}_{(2)}$ are introduced, which along with quantity $\chi_{\rm o}$, describe distinctions between familiar supermultiplets in 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 theories. A previously unobserved property in all adinkras that we call "adinkra vorticity" is noted.Comment: LaTex twice, 52 pages, 19 figures, and 4 tabl

Education for a Future in Crisis: Developing a Humanities-Informed STEM Curriculum

In the popular imagination, science and technology are often seen as fields of knowledge production critical to social progress and a cooperative future. This optimistic portrayal of technological advancement also features prominently in internal discourses amongst scientists, industry leaders, and STEM students alike. Yet, an overwhelming body of research, investigation, and first-person accounts highlight the varying ways modern science, technology, and engineering industries contribute to the degradation of our changing environments and exploit and harm global low-income and marginalized populations. By and large, siloed higher-education STEM curricula provide inadequate opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students to critically analyze the historical and epistemological foundations of scientific knowledge production and even fewer tools to engage with and respond to modern community-based cases. Here, we describe the development of a humanities- and social sciences-informed curriculum designed to address the theory, content, and skill-based needs of traditional STEM students considering technoscientific careers. In essence, this course is designed to foster behavior change, de-center dominant ways of knowing in the sciences, and bolster self-reflection and critical-thinking skills to equip the developing STEM workforce with a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the social, political, and economic role of science and technology. This curriculum has the potential to empower STEM-educated professionals to contribute to a more promising, inclusive future. Our framework foregrounds key insights from science and technology studies, Black and Native feminisms, queer theory, and disability studies, alongside real-world case studies using critical pedagogies.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure, 4 table

Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System

Much research on infectious diseases focuses on clearing the pathogen through the use of antimicrobial drugs, the immune response, or a combination of both. Rapid clearance of pathogens allows for a quick return to a healthy state and increased survival. Pathogen-targeted approaches to combating infection have inherent limitations, including their pathogen-specific nature, the potential for antimicrobial resistance, and poor vaccine efficacy, among others. Another way to survive an infection is to tolerate the alterations to homeostasis that occur during a disease state through a process called host tolerance or resilience, which is independent from pathogen burden. Alterations in homeostasis during infection are numerous and include tissue damage, increased inflammation, metabolic changes, temperature changes, and changes in respiration. Given its importance and sensitivity, the lung is a good system for understanding host tolerance to infectious disease. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for children under five worldwide. One reason for this is because when the pulmonary system is altered dramatically it greatly impacts the overall health and survival of a patient. Targeting host pathways involved in maintenance of pulmonary host tolerance during infection could provide an alternative therapeutic avenue that may be broadly applicable across a variety of pathologies. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on tolerance to host lung infection. We will focus on the involvement of innate immune responses in tolerance and how an initial viral lung infection may alter tolerance mechanisms in leukocytic, epithelial, and endothelial compartments to a subsequent bacterial infection. By understanding tolerance mechanisms in the lung we can better address treatment options for deadly pulmonary infections

A novel modified-indirect ELISA based on spherical body protein 4 for detecting antibody during acute and long-term infections with diverse Babesia bovis strains

Cattle sera positive by the RAP-1-based cELISA but negative by the SBP4-based MI-ELISA and IFA had negative results by Western blot analysis, suggesting possible false positive results in the cELISA. A. Molecular weight marker (48 to 180 Kd), B. K42-#21, C. W31-#Y-3, D. W31-#Y-11, E. W31-#0-3, F. W31-#Y-9, G. W31-#0-9, H. W31-#Y-10, I. W31-#Y-15, J. P21-#224, K. positive control serum with a band at 75kd representing B. bovis RAP-1 protein, J. negative control serum. Figure S2. Technical difference between the modified indirect ELISA and conventional indirect ELISA using rGST-SBP4 was illustrated in this figure. (DOCX 645 kb

GLSMs for non-Kahler Geometries

We identify a simple mechanism by which H-flux satisfying the modified Bianchi identity arises in garden-variety (0,2) gauged linear sigma models. Taking suitable limits leads to effective gauged linear sigma models with Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation. We test the quantum-consistency of a class of such effective theories by constructing an off-shell superconformal algebra, providing evidence that these models run to good CFTs in the deep IR.Comment: 37 pages, Minor updates for v